Europe north of the Mediterranean lies in the path of year-round westerly winds, which ensure a regular and reliable rainfall:
- unlike the Mediterranean area (including its eastern margin) that receives the westerly winds only during the winter months (and sometimes not at all).
Furthermore, these moisture-laden westerly winds are forced to shed a higher than normal amount of precipitation as they ascend the mountain chain of the alps. (What is known as the orographic effect). There is no evidence to suggest that Europe was ever a desert, and it is extremely unlikely that any such evidence would ever be found!
Bill.